Mac
Revision as of 21:54, 8 August 2016 by Bacchas (talk | contribs) (→TCP Port Numbers Commonly Used by Macintosh Services)
Reset Lost password
First up, you need to reboot your computer while holding the Command and the R keys down. Hold your Mac’s power button down for about six seconds, and it will turn off. Wait a couple of seconds more, and then hold down Command-R on your keyboard while pressing the power button again to turn the machine on. Keep holding the Command-R combination until you see the little spinning circle just below the Apple logo on the boot up screen. Once your Mac boots, you’ll see a window with various options. Use your mouse to select Terminal from the Utilities menu, and Terminal will launch. Type in resetpassword and you’ll get a dialog box that will let you do just that. Choose the user you want to change the password for, and type in the new password twice. Hit OK, close the reset password window, and reboot your Mac.
Show Hidden Files in finder
defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles TRUE killall Finder To set it back (that .DS_Store on the Desktop is hella irritating), execute those same commands, but just switch that TRUE to FALSE
Useful OX 10 Shortcuts
| Task | Key Command |
| Open the Force Quit window | Command-Option-Escape |
| Cycle through active applications in the Dock | Command-Tab |
| Cancel operation | Command-. |
| Open Mac Help | Command-? |
| Go back in the finder view to the previous item | Command-[ |
| Go to folder | Command-~ |
| Select all | Command-A |
| Hide Finders toolbar | Command-B |
| Copy | Command-C |
| Duplicate; creates a duplicate copy of a selected items. | Command-D |
| Turn Dock hiding on/off | Command-Option-D |
| Move item to trash | Command-Delete |
| Empty Trash | Shift-Option-Delete |
| Eject the selected disk image, CD, etc. | Command-E |
| Find | Command-F |
| Hide application | Command-H |
| Show info | Command-I |
| Show view options in the Finder. | Command-J |
| Connect to Server | Command-K |
| Make alias | Command-L |
| Minimize window | Command-M |
| Minimize all open windows for an application | Command-Option-M |
| Open a new Finder window | Command-N |
| Create a new folder | Command-Shift-N |
| Open file or folder | Command-O |
| Print file | Command-P |
| Quit application | Command-Q |
| Show original | Command-R |
| Add to Favorites | Command-T |
| Paste | Command-V |
| Close window | Command-W |
| Close all windows | Command-Option-W |
| Cut | Command-X |
| Redo | Command-Shift-Z |
| Go to Applications view in the Finder | Command-Option-A |
| Go to Computer view in the Finder | Command-Option-C |
| Go to Favorites view in the Finder | Command-Option-F |
| Go to Home view in the Finder | Command-Option-H |
| Go to iDisk view in Finder | Command-Option-I |
| Take a screenshot of the entire display | Command-Shift-3 |
| Make and capture a rectangular selection of the display | Command-Shift-4 |
Mac Terminal Commands only
ls -lah | pbcopy will copy the output to the clipboard screencapture say "hello" will speak hello say -f filetoread.txt will read contents of text file say -f filetoread.txt -o audiofile.aiff will output to an audio file defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles -bool TRUE Show . files in finder defaults write com.apple.finder _FXShowPosixPathInTitle -bool TRUE Display Unix path in Finder Windows defaults write com.apple.screencapture type PNG Modify Screen caputre type formats are PNG, BMP, GIF, JPED, PICT, PSD, SGI, TGA, TIFF defaults write com.apple.screencaputre location "Users/robert/Desktop" Modify screen capture location
Grep: searching with regular expressions
Grep Options (exmple: grep -Rl filename // will return filenames only -i Case insensitive -w Whole words -v lines that don't match -c return count -n add line nunbers with search -R search Directories Recursively -Rl return only filenames -RL Filename that do not match --color=auto searchcriteria ps aux | grep Applications // will return all running applicatiosn
Use Single User Mode to Solve Issues
Shutdown the Mac, wait 15 seconds Hold down the Command and S Key While pressing the power button to start the mac. At the Terminal prompt type, fsck -yf //filessytem check -y means asnswer yes to any questions f means force type reboot when finished
Apache, PHP, MySql setup on Mac
Check Apache Version: httpd -v Check php Version: php -v sudo apachectl start sudo apachectl stop sudo apachectl restart Change directory where apache serves from cd /etc/apache2/users create a conf file, name it the log on user name username.conf <Directory "/Users/robert/Sites/"> Options Indexes MultiViews AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> Save file change permissions : sudo chmod 644 filename.conf sudo apachectl restart Upgrade Php to latest version http://php-osx.liip.ch/ Edit PHP.ini to fix time zone; you have to modify two places /usr/local/php5/lib/php.ini /usr/local/php5/php.d 99-liip-developer.ini Install MYSql http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql dmg, 64 bit version Add the mysql dir to your path nano .bashrc ; add line below export PATH="/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH" set mysql password mysqladmin -u root password To change the password mysqladmin -u root -p password
Restarting Apache in OSX
Open Terminal, you have to have root access type command; apachectl restart
Turning on Root access in OSX
Go to the Terminal: Enter sudo passwd root and follow instructions
Mac OX 10 Directory Structure
File or Folder Description /.DS_Store - Contains Finder settings for the current directory. This folder is generated for any directory viewed in Finder. /.Spotlight‐V100 - Contains Spotlight‐specific metadata /.Trashes - Contains files that have been dragged to the Trash /.com.apple.timemachine.supported - Indicates that a drive can be used by Time Machine as a backup target /.fseventsd - Used by the FSEvents API /.hotfiles.btree - A B‐Tree index that provides fast access to frequently used files /Applications - Holds all Mac OS X applications /bin - Contains essential system binaries /Desktop DB - Contains housekeeping information used by Finder /Desktop DF - See /Desktop DB /dev - Contains device‐specific files /Developer - Contains Apple's XCode tools and documentation (but only if you've installed them) /etc - Contains system configuration files. This is a symbolic link to /private/etc. /home - Used by the automounter for NFS‐mounted home directories /Installer Log File - Used by some third‐party installers /Library - Contains support files for locally installed applications /lost+found - Stores orphaned files discovered by fsck /mach_kernel - Contains the Darwin kernel /mach_kernel.ctfsys - Contains an alternate copy of the kernel (used by dtrace) /net - Used by the automounter for NFS‐mounted directories /Network - Contains network‐mounted Application, Library, and User folders /opt - Contains the MacPorts installation (if installed) /private - Contains the tmp, var, etc, and cores directories /sbin - Contains executables for system administration and configuration /sw - Contains the Fink installation (if installed) /System - Contains various folders, the most important of which is Library, which holds support files for the system and system applications /tmp - Holds temporary files. A symbolic link to /private/tmp. /User Guides and Information - An alias to /Library/Documentation User Guides and Information /Users - Contains home directories for users on the system (root user's home is /var/root) /usr - Contains BSD UNIX applications and support files /var - Contains frequently modified files, such as log files. Symbolic link to /private/var. /Volumes - Contains all visible mounted file systems, including removable media and mounted disk images
Finding Php.ini File in OsX
The Php.ini is not necessary in OSX but if it exists it would be in the /Private/etc dir
Well Known Mac OS X Ports
TCP Port Numbers Commonly Used by Macintosh Services
| Port | Usage | Reference | Notes |
| 20 | FTP Data | http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc959.txt RFC 959 | Only used as a source port |
| 21 | FTP Control | <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc959.txt">RFC 959</a> | |
| 22 | SSH (secure shell remote login) | <a href="http://www.free.lp.se/fish/rfc.txt">SSH RFC</a> | |
| 23 | Telnet | <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc854.txt">RFC 854</a> | Common port for attacks |
| 25 | SMTP (email) | <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc821.txt">RFC 821, 822</a> | |
| 53 | DNS | <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1034.txt">RFC 1034, 1035</a> | Mainly uses UDP, not TCP |
| 70 | Gopher | <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1436.txt">RFC 1436</a> | |
| 79 | Finger | <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1288.txt">RFC 1288</a> | |
| 80 | HTTP (Web) | <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1945.txt">RFC 1945</a> | |
| 88 | Kerberos | <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1510.txt">RFC 1510</a> | |
| 105 | PH (directory) | ||
| 106 | Poppass (change password) | <a href="http://www.con.wesleyan.edu/%7Etriemer/network/poppassd/poppassd_tcp.html">Wesleyan tech note</a> | |
| 110 | POP3 (email) | <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1081.txt">RFC 1081, 1082</a> | |
| 111 | Remote Procedure Call (RPC) | <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1057.txt">RFC 1057</a> | Used for many Unix applications |
| 113 | AUTH | <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc931.txt">RFC 931</a> | |
| 115 | SFTP | <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc913.txt">RFC 913</a> | |
| 119 | NNTP (News) | <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc977.txt">RFC 977</a> | |
| 139 | NETBIOS Session | <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1001.txt">RFCs 1001, 1002</a> | |
| 143 | IMAP (new email) | <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2060.txt">RFC 2060</a> | |
| 384 | ARNS (tunneling) | <a href="http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/appletalk/doc/MacUAR.userDoc.html#OTARNS">Univ. of Melbourne</a> | |
| 387 | AURP (tunneling) | <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1504.txt">RFC 1504</a> | |
| 389 | LDAP (directory) | <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1777.txt">RFC 1777, 1778</a> | |
| 407 | Timbuktu 5.2 or later | <a href="http://www.netopia.com/support/technotes/software/tb2mac/TPM_031.html">Netopia technote</a> | Previous versions use other ports |
| 427 | SLP (service location) | <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2165.txt">RFC 2165</a> | Only uses TCP for large responses |
| 443 | HTTP over SSL (HTTPS) | <a href="http://home.netscape.com/eng/ssl3/ssl-toc.html">Draft RFC</a> | |
| 445 | MS Directory Service | ||
| 465 | SMTP over SSL (SSMTP) | ||
| 497 | Retrospect | UDP for finding clients | |
| 510 | FirstClass server | <a href="http://www.softarc.com/">SoftArc.com</a> | |
| 515 | LPR (printing) | <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1179.txt">RFC 1179</a> | |
| 548 | AFP (AppleShare) | <a href="http://developer.apple.com/techpubs/macos8/NetworkCommSvcs/AppleShare/appleshare.html">AFP 2.2 spec</a> | |
| 554 | RTSP (QuickTime server) | <a href="http://til.info.apple.com/techinfo.nsf/artnum/n60148/">Apple tech note</a> | Also uses UDP 6970+ |
| 591 | FileMaker Pro Web | <a href="http://192.35.50.21/ti/FMPro?-db=ti.fp5&-format=detail.html&-lay=list&product=FileMaker&artnmbr=106123&-max=10&-recid=35670&-find=">FileMaker tech note</a> | Recommended alternate to 80 |
| 625 | Remote Open Directory Proxy (DSProxy) | Unregistered usage, registered to DEC/DLM | |
| 626 | IMAP Admin | Apple extension in <a href="http://www.apple.com/appleshareip/">ASIP 6</a> | |
| 631 | IPP (Internet Printing Protocol) | <a href="http://www.pwg.org/ipp/">RFCs 2565-2569</a> | Available in Mac OS X 10.2 through <a href="http://www.cups.org/">CUPS</a> |
| 636 | LDAP over TLS/SSL (LDAPS) | <a href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2246.html">RFC 2246</a> | |
| 660 | ASIP Remote Admin | <a href="http://www.apple.com/appleshareip/">ASIP 6.3</a> and later | |
| 666 | Now Contact Server | <a href="http://www.eudora.com/techsupport/kb/184hq.html">Eudora tech note</a> | Violates actual port assignment |
| 687 | ASIP Shared UG Port | <a href="http://til.info.apple.com/techinfo.nsf/artnum/n31042">ASIP Tech note</a> | <a href="http://www.apple.com/appleshareip/">ASIP 6.2</a> and later |
| 1080 | WebSTAR Admin | <a href="http://www.webstar.com/products/webstar/docs/ws4manual.27.html">StarNine FAQ</a> | WebSTAR port number plus 1000 |
| 1417 | Timbuktu Control (pre-5.2) | <a href="http://www.netopia.com/support/technotes/software/tb2mac/TPM_031.html">Netopia technote</a> | Login is through UDP Port 407 |
| 1418 | Timbuktu Observe (pre-5.2) | <a href="http://www.netopia.com/support/technotes/software/tb2mac/TPM_031.html">Netopia technote</a> | Login is through UDP Port 407 |
| 1419 | Timbuktu Send Files (pre-5.2) | <a href="http://www.netopia.com/support/technotes/software/tb2mac/TPM_031.html">Netopia technote</a> | Login is through UDP Port 407 |
| 1420 | Timbuktu Exchange (pre-5.2) | <a href="http://www.netopia.com/support/technotes/software/tb2mac/TPM_031.html">Netopia technote</a> | Login is through UDP Port 407 |
| 1443 | WebSTAR/SSL Admin | <a href="http://www.webstar.com/products/webstar/docs/ws4manual.27.html">StarNine FAQ</a> | WebSTAR port number plus 1000 |
| 3031 | Program Linking (Apple Events) | Mac OS 9 and later | |
| 3659 | Apple SASL | Upcoming assignment | |
| 4000 | Now Public Event Server | <a href="http://www.eudora.com/techsupport/kb/184hq.html">Eudora tech note</a> | |
| 4199 | EIMS Admin | <a href="http://eudora.qualcomm.com/eims/">EIMS Users Guide</a> | |
| 4347 | LANsurveyor Responders | <a href="http://www.neon.com/LANsurveyor/ls_appnote2.html">Neon tech note</a> | Uses UDP also |
| 5003 | FileMaker Pro | <a href="http://www.filemaker.com/ti/104289.html">FileMaker tech note</a> | Direct access, not through Web; UDP for host list |
| 5190 | AOL Instant Messenger | <a href="http://www.aol.com/aim/help.html">AOL tech note</a> | |
| 5498 | Hotline Tracker | <a href="http://www.hotlinesw.com/support/faq/firewalls.shtml">Hotline tech note</a> | UDP port 5499 for finding servers |
| 5500 | Hotline Server | <a href="http://www.hotlinesw.com/support/faq/firewalls.shtml">Hotline tech note</a> | |
| 5501 | Hotline Server | <a href="http://www.hotlinesw.com/support/faq/firewalls.shtml">Hotline tech note</a> | |
| 6346 | Gnutella | <a href="http://www.gnutellanews.com/information/firewalls.shtml">Gnutella news item</a> | |
| 6699 | Napster/Macster client | <a href="http://www.napster.com/">Apparent usage</a> | Used when server is in "firewall mode" |
| 7070 | Real Player | <a href="http://service.real.com/firewall/adminfw.html">Real tech note</a> | Also UDP ports 6970-7170 |
| 7648 | CuSeeMe (video) | <a href="http://support.cuseeme.com/cu3win/faq/cufaq010.htm">White pine tech note</a> | Client connections; UDP for audio/video |
| 7649 | CuSeeMe (video) | <a href="http://support.cuseeme.com/cu3win/faq/cufaq010.htm">White pine tech note</a> | Connection establishment. |
| 8080 | Common HTTP alternate | <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1945.txt">RFC 1945</a> | |
| 16080 | Web Performance Cache | ||
| 19813 | 4D server | <a href="http://www.acius.com/support/tips99%2D25.html">ACI US tech note</a> | Previously 14566 (6.0 and earlier) |
UDP Port Numbers Commonly Used by Macintosh Services
| Port | Usage | Reference | Notes |
| 53 | DNS | Sometimes uses TCP | |
| 68 | Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) | <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2131.txt">RFC 2131</a> | Commonly used to obtain a Mac's IP address |
| 69 | Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) | <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc783.txt">RFC 783</a> | |
| 123 | Network Time Protocol | <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1305.txt">RFC 1305</a> | |
| 137 | Windows Name Service | <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1001.txt">RFC 1001</a> | |
| 138 | Windows Datagram Service | <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1001.txt">RFC 1001</a> | |
| 161 | Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) | <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1157.txt">RFC 1157</a> | |
| 407 | Timbuktu | <a href="http://www.netopia.com/support/technotes/software/tb2mac/TPM_031.html">Netopia technote</a> | Handshaking only, prior to version 5.2 |
| 458 | QuickTime TV | ||
| 497 | Retrospect | Finding clients on the network | |
| 514 | Syslog | ||
| 554 | Real Time Streaming Protocol (QuickTime) | <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2326.txt">RFC 2326</a> | |
| 2049 | Network File System (NFS) | <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1813.txt">RFC 1813</a> | |
| 3283 | Apple Remote Desktop (formerly known as Network Assistant) | <a href="http://til.info.apple.com/techinfo.nsf/artnum/n30217">TIL Note</a> | |
| 5003 | FileMaker Pro | <a href="http://www.filemaker.com/ti/104289.html">FileMaker tech note</a> | For obtaining host list |
| 5353 | Zeroconf - Rendezvous | <a href="http://www.zeroconf.org/">Zeroconf</a> | Used in Rendezvous |
| 5060 | SIP - iChat AV | <a href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3261.html">RFC 3261</a>,<a href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3262.html">RFC 3262</a>,<a href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3263.html">RFC 3263</a>,<a href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3264.html">RFC 3264</a>,<a href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3265.html">RFC 3265</a> | Used in iChat AV |
| 6970 and up | QuickTime and RealPlayer | <a href="http://til.info.apple.com/techinfo.nsf/artnum/n60148">TIL Note</a> | |
| 7070 | RTSP alternate (RealPlayer) | <a href="http://service.real.com/firewall/adminfw.html">Support Note</a> |